Late 2017, approaching 2018
The market has observed a strong performance in share price through 2017 so far with the share peaking above £8.75. This comes from 2 factors:
[1] the ramp up in production and successful progress of the current projects.
[2] the value of copper in the open market.
With respect to [1] above: The half yearly report for Jun 2017 states 3 operational highlights.
· Copper output more than doubled to 118 kt in the first half of 2017
· Aktogay ramp up progressing well, Bozshakol expected to achieve full capacity in second half
· By-products on track to meet or exceed 2017 guidance
Naturally these follow into the financial highlights with gross revenues increasing from $363 mill to $837 mill (2.3X) and an increase in EBITDA from $147 mill to $505 mill (3.4X). Furthermore, the key parameters leave the future of Kaz on a relative basis to its peers looking positive, in particular net cash cost of 64 USc/lb which is among the lowest cost copper producers globally.
The gross cash costs are as follows:
- Bozshakol = 115-135 USc/lb
- Aktogay= 110-130 USc/lb
- East Region and Bozymchak = 205-225 USc/lb
With copper prices at $3 per lb, there is observable margin.
The above leads the analysis onto [2]. There is a positive correlation between copper and the share price. More-so, there is observable leverage between the share price and the underlying commodity which is depicted in the chart below (and has been discussed previously) where the market observes the stock as being the more volatile parameter.
In summary, it makes sense to remove some profit as the price becomes excessive relative to the underlying (65% share v 12% underlying). Having said this, the core position should remain long with a view to adding on dips. Ultimately, as with all stocks of this nature, it lays at the mercy of global economic conditions and in particular as the market has observed, the progress of countries such as China who create the demand.
The price of copper
KAZ has been a pure copper play for a number of years. Extracting & selling the materiel on the open market.
The common form that copper is quotes is US$ per Llb, although metric tonnes is also used for example in futures contracts. Both are equivalent and acceptable.
The long term chart for copper is displayed below.
What the investor can see is [1] volatility and [2] trend
Volatility
In percentage terms the metal experiences >50% peak-to-trough vol. The timescale for a whole movement swing (for a sharp move), ranges from 6 months to a few years. The most recent shock event was around 2009 with the price falling to ~35% of the 2008 price and then recovering and exceeding the 2008 level reaching a peak value of 4.5 us$/llb in 2010.
Trend
The investor can argue an long term upward trend over the past 25 years. However, this has been clearly been a game of two-halves with the first 15 years range-bound between 0.5 & 1.5 us$/llb. The last spike move is attributed to the “credit crunch” post the well documented failure of Lehman brothers (with values as per the above). However, since a more than full recovery, the market has experienced a continual decline over the past 5 years which economists have largely put down to the China slowdown.
The china slowdown
In simple terms, the economic growth of one of the worlds major consumers has declined resulting in a supply demand imbalance and a build up of inventory in warehouse levels. This has been in a number of products used for construction with copper, a key material, included. Warehouse levels have spiked as a result and although lower than any of the previous spikes, the elated inventory still creates a downward pressure on the price and will continue to do so until such is normalized.
Predicting the future for copper
This is the million dollar question and will clearly depend on management of the “latest” key driver – China. The economic slowdown has been ongoing for a number of years and whilst this may continue, the market, even if it responds slowly, has and continues to react. Firstly, price action as significantly normalized (currently at 50% of recent peak levels) albeit elevated to the 25 year historic average. Secondly, there are signs that warehouse levels are beginning to get managed accordingly. Thirdly, reduced production which has been forced onto market participants with sustained economic loss / reduced margins for those who do not react (the same is happening to oil) as those entities ultimately face closure.
However, there are plenty of stochastic random variables that can easily change the dynamic and therefore pricing in both directions. Obvious examples may be an increased slowdown of China (negative for price) or the emergence of a new economy (Brazil, India). Less obvious examples may be the trends & changes in material technology and the way and need for copper (for example its conducting properties or use in copper piping).
For further discussion and information the reader is welcome to contact here.